Scientist crunch numbers from 32 different species and reveal fractal grammar behind ratios of codons and oligonucleotides.

For 60 years, biologists have known of only two grammar-like rules that govern the language of DNA. Now they’ve found four more

The Austrian biochemist, Erwin Chargaff, is famous for the two rules he discovered that now bear his name. At the time of this discovery, in 1950, the biggest problem in biology was understanding the structure of DNA. Chargaff’s rules turned out to be an important clue in this puzzle.
[...]
Chargaff’s rules are important because they point to a kind of “grammar of biology”, a set of hidden rules that govern the structure of DNA. This grammar ought to reveal itself as patterns in DNA that are invariant across all species.

But in the 60 years since Chargaff discovered his invariant patterns, no others have emerged. Until now.

technologyreview.com/blog/arxiv